Cisco CCNA / CCNP: How And Why To Build An Etherchannel

CCNA and CCNP candidates are well-versed in Spanning-Tree Protocol, and one of the great things about STP is that it works well with little or no additional configuration. There is one situation where STP works against us just a bit while it prevents switching loops, and that is the situation where two switches have multiple physical connections.



You would think that if you have two separate physical connections between two switches, twice as much data could be sent from one switch to the other than if there was only one connection. STP doesn't allow this by default, however in an effort to prevent switching loops from forming, one of the paths will be blocked.



SW1 and SW2 are connected via two separate physical connections, on ports fast0/11 and fast 0/12. As we can see here on SW1, only port 0/11 is actually forwarding traffic. STP has put the other port into blocking mode (BLK).





SW1#show spanning vlan 10





(some output removed for clarity)





Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type





Fa0/11 Root FWD 19 128.11 P2p



Fa0/12 Altn BLK 19 128.12 P2p





While STP is helping us by preventing switching loops, STP is also hurting us by preventing us from using a perfectly valid path between SW1 and SW2. We could literally double the bandwidth available between the two switches if we could use that path that is currently being blocked.



The secret to using the currently blocked path is configuring an Etherchannel. An Etherchannel is simply a logical bundling of 2 - 8 physical connections between two Cisco switches.



Configuring an Etherchannel is actually quite simple. Use the command "channel-group 1 mode on" on every port you want to be placed into the Etherchannel. Of course, this must be done on both switches if you configure an Etherchannel on one switch and don't do so on the correct ports on the other switch, the line protocol will go down and stay there.



The beauty of an Etherchannel is that STP sees the Etherchannel as one connection. If any of the physical connections inside the Etherchannel go down, STP does not see this, and STP will not recalculate. While traffic flow between the two switches will obviously be slowed, the delay in transmission caused by an STP recalculation is avoided. An Etherchannel also allows us to use multiple physical connections at one time.



Here's how to put these ports into an Etherchannel:



SW1#conf t



Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.



SW1(config)#interface fast 0/11



SW1(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on



Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1





SW1(config-if)#interface fast 0/12



SW1(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on







SW2#conf t



Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.



SW2(config)#int fast 0/11



SW2(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on



SW2(config-if)#int fast 0/12



SW2(config-if)#channel-group 1 mode on





The command "show interface trunk" and "show spanning-tree vlan 10" will be used to verify the Etherchannel configuration.





SW2#show interface trunk (some output removed for clarity)





Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan



Po1 desirable 802.1q trunking 1





SW2#show spanning vlan 10 (some output removed for clarity)





Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type





Po1 Desg FWD 12 128.65 P2p





Before configuring the Etherchannel, we saw individual ports here. Now we see "Po1", which stands for the interface "port-channel1". This is the logical interface created when an Etherchannel is built. We are now using both physical paths between the two switches at one time!



That's one major benefit in action let's see another. Ordinarily, if the single open path between two trunking switches goes down, there is a significant delay while another valid path is opened - close to a minute in some situations. We will now shut down port 0/11 on SW2 and see the effect on the etherchannel.



SW2#conf t



Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.



SW2(config)#int fast 0/11



SW2(config-if)#shutdown



3w0d: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/11, changed

state to administratively down





SW2#show spanning vlan 10





VLAN0010



Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee



Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type





Po1 Desg FWD 19 128.65 P2p







SW2#show interface trunk





Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan





Po1 desirable 802.1q trunking 1



The Etherchannel did not go down! STP sees the Etherchannel as a single link therefore, as far as STP is concerned, nothing happened.